1852 - Foreign Miners Tax revived to apply to Chinese (California Legislature).

1854 - Prohibition of Negroes and Indians from testifying in court either for or against whites made applicable to Chinese (California Supreme Court).

1860 - "Mongolians, Indians, and Negroes" barred from California public schools (California Legislature).

1872 - Chinese barred from owning real estate or securing business licenses (California Legislature).

1879 - Chinese excluded from employment with corporations, and with state, county municipal, or public works projects (California Constitution).

1882 - Congress passed Chinese Exclusion Act, barring Chinese laborers from immigrating for 10 years. Naturalization forbidden to all Chinese.

1888 - The Scott Act invalidates Chinese re-entry visas, stranding over 20,000 U.S. workers overseas.

1892 - Chinese Exclusion Act extended for 10 years. Chinese laborers already in the U.S. required to carry certificates of residence.

1904 - Chinese Exclusion Act extended indefinitely and expanded to cover Hawaii and the Philippines.

1906 - Anti-miscegenation law extended to Chinese (California Legislature).

1913 - Alien Land Act, prohibiting persons ineligible for citizenship from owning land (California Legislature). Similar laws were adopted in Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and five other states. Declared unconstitutional in 1952.

1922 - Immigration Act excluded "Chinese women, wives, and prostitutes" from coming to the United States. It also provided that any women citizen who marries an alien ineligible for citizenship (e.g., Chinese) shall cease to be a citizen of the United States.

1943 - Chinese Exclusion Act repealed, replaced by a quota on Chinese immigration of 105 per year. Chinese allowed to naturalize.

1954 - Ruling on Mao v. Brownell, the Supreme Court upheld laws forbidding Chinese Americans from sending money to relatives in China. Before the Communist Revolution there were no such restrictions.

Sources for this article:
Bitter Melon, Stories from the Last Rural Chinese Town in America, Jeff Gillenkirk & James Motlow, University of Washington Press
One Day, One Dollar: Locke California and the Chinese Farming Experience in the Sacramento Delta, Peter C.Y. Leung- Chinese/Chinese American History

Project
A Different Mirror, a History of Multicultural America, Ronald Takaki; Back Bag Books
Fusang: The Chinese Who Built America Stan Steiner, Harper Colophon Books
Brothers Under the Skin, Cary McWilliams, Little Brown & Co.

SOURCE COAST TO COAST BOOKS, 1982

WASHINGTON MONTANA OREGON IDAHO WYOMING
CASDADE RANGE NEVADA UTAH SIERRA NEVADA SACRAMENTO RIVER SAN JOAQUIN RIVER CALIFORNIA ARIZONA

MAJOR LOCATIONS OF ANTI-CHINESE VIOLENCE, 1870-1900