alternative concepts for the site plus a response form. The
alternative concepts were the subject of wide-spread radio and
television news coverage and were the focus of public forums held
at the White House visitor center in Washington, D.C., on April
10 and 11. During the forums some 2,400 people saw exhibits and
a video on the alternatives. Copies of the alternative concepts
and the newsletter response form were available. Members of the
NPS planning team were available to discuss problems at the site
and the three alternative concepts. These concepts were the basis
for the three alternatives presented in this document; the proposed
plan draws elements from each of the alternatives.
After public review of the conceptual alternatives further
work was done to refine the alter-native elements. The draft plan
was developed in coordination with members of the Executive Committee.
List of Reviewing Agencies for the
Draft Environmental Impact Statement
Congressional Committees and Members
· United States Senate
Chairman, Committee on Appropriations
· Chairman, Subcommittee on the District of Columbia
· Chairman, Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies
· Chairman, Subcommittee on Treasury, Postal Service and
General Government
Chairman, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
· Chairman, Subcommittee on Parks, Historic Preservation,
and Recreation
· Chairman, Committee on Environment and Public Works
· Chairman, Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure
·Chairman, Committee on Government Affairs
· Chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight of Government
Management, Restructuring and the District of Columbia
House of Representatives
·Honorable Eleanor Holmes Norton, Delegate, District
of Columbia
Chairman, Committee on Appropriations
· Chairman, Subcommittee on the District of Columbia
· Chairman, Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies
· Chairman, Subcommittee on Treasury, Postal Service and
General Government
Chairman, Committee on Government Reform and Oversight
· Chairman, Subcommittee on the District of Columbia
Chairman, Committee on Resources
Chairman, Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Lands
Chairman, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
Chairman, Subcommittee on Public Buildings and Economic Development
Federal Agencies
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
Commission of Fine Arts
Council on Environmental Quality
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense
White House Military Office
Department of the Interior
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Department of State
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CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION
Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Department of the Treasury
Of lice of Thrift Supervision
United States Secret Service
Department of Veterans Affairs
Environmental Protection Agency
Executive Of flee of the President
Executive Residence at the White House
Export-Import Bank of the United States
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
General Services Administration
National Capital Planning Commission
Of flee of the U.S. Trade Representative
Smithsonian Institution
Renwick Gallery
U.S. Court of Federal Claims
U.S. Federal Court of Appeals
D.C. Agencies
District of Columbia
Mayor
Council of the District of Columbia
Department of Business and Economic Development
Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs
Fire and Emergency Medical Services
Department of Recreation and Parks
Department of Public Works
Metropolitan Police Department
Office of Emergency Preparedness
Office of Planning
Of fice of Tourism and Promotions
District of Columbia Advisory Neighborhood Commissions
ANC-2A ANC-2B ANC-2C ANC-2D ANC-2E
District of Columbia Historic Preservation Review Board
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments
Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority
Organizations
Alliance of Taxicab Businessmen of D.C.
American Architectural Foundation
American Automobile Association-
National Chapter
Potomac Chapter
American Bus Association
American Historical Association
American Institute of Architects
American Red Cross
American Security Bank
American Society of Landscape Architects
Christmas Pageant of Peace Committee
Columbia First Bank
Committee of 100 on the Federal City
Corcoran Art Gallery
Crestar Bank, NA
Daughters of the American Revolution
Decatur House
District of Columbia Chamber of Commerce
District of Columbia Preservation League
Federal City Council
Garden Club of America
Gait and Brothers Jewelers
George Washington University
Gold/Grey Lines, Inc.
Guest Services, Inc.
Guide Service of Washington
Guild of Professional Tour Guides of
Washington, D.C.
Hay-Adams Hotel
Historical Society of Washington, D.C
Hotel Washington
International Downtown Association
Landmark Services Tourmobile, Inc.
National Association for Olmsted Parks
National Conference of State Historic
Preservation Officers
National Landscape Association
National Recreation and Parks Association
National Parks and Conservation Association
National Trust for Historic Preservation
NationsBank
Old Ebbitt Grill
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Organization of American States
Potomac Pedicabs
Preservation Action
Political Americana
Riggs National Bank-Corcoran Branch
St. John's Church
Stoladi Property Group
The Octagon House
The Greater Washington Board of Trade
The World Bank
United Bus Owners of America
U.S. Chamber of Commerce
Washington Area Bicyclist Association
Washington Area Rollerskaters
Washington Convention and Visitors Association
White House Historical Association
White House News Photographers'
Association White House Correspondents'
Association White House Network Pool (ABC, CBS, NBC)
Individuals
A list of individuals receiving a copy of the Draft Environmental
Impact Statement is available from the office of White House Liaison,
National Park Service.
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APPENDIXES GLOSSARY SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
PREPARERS AND CONSULTANTS INDEX
APPENDIXES / GLOSSARY / SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY /
PREPARERS AND CONSULTANTS / INDEX
APPENDIX A: AN ANNOTATED LISTING OF LEGISLATION
PERTAINING TO THE WHITE HOUSE AND PRESIDENT'S PARK-337
APPENDIX B: A SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT PLANS AND PROJECTS AT
PRESIDENT'S PARK-342
APPENDIX C: AN INVENTORY AND ASSESSMENT
OF STRUCTURES AND MEMORIALS WITHIN
AND ADJACENT TO PRESIDENT S PARK ~ 350
APPENDIX D: PRIMARY INTERPRETIVE THEMES FOR THE WHITE HOUSE
AND PRESIDENT S PARK-361
APPENDIX E: CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES, PHASING, AND COST ESTIMATES-366
APPENDIX F: DETERMINATION OF SITE USE CAPACITY-376
APPENDIX G: PLANNING WORK GROUP
PARTICIPANTS-378
APPENDIX H: DESIRED FUTURES-NEWS
MEDIA-382
APPENDIX 1: E STREET DIAGRAMS-384
APPENDIX J: LETTERS OF CONSULTATION-393
GLOSSARY-396
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY-398
PREPARERS AND CONSULTANTS-403
INDEX-405
-336-
APPENDIX A: AN ANNOTATED LISTING
OF LEGISLATION
PERTAINING TO THE WHITE HOUSE AND PARK
United States Code, Title 3 - The President
White House; Administration; Preservation of Museum Character;
Articles of Historic or Artistic Interest
Pub. L. 87-286, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 586, provided:
"That all of that portion of reservation numbered l in the
city of Washington, District of Columbia, which is within the
President's park enclosure, comprising eighteen and seven one
hundredths acres, shall continue to be known as the White House
and shall be administered pursuant to the Act of August 25, 1916
(39 Stat. 535; 16 U.S.C. 1-3), and Acts supplementary thereto
and amendatory thereof. In carrying out this Act primary attention
shall be given to the preservation and interpretation of the museum
character of the principal corridor on the ground floor and the
principal public rooms on the first floor of the White House,
but nothing done under this Act shall conflict with the administration
of the Executive offices of the President or with the use and
occupancy of the buildings and grounds as the home of the President
and his family and for his official purposes.
"SEC. 2. Articles of furniture, fixtures, and decorative
objects of the White House, when declared by the President to
be of historic or artistic interest, together with such similar
articles, fixtures, and objects as are acquired by the White House
in the future when similarly so declared, shall thereafter be
considered to be inalienable and the property of the White House.
Any such article, fixture, or object when not in use or on display
in the White House shall be transferred by direction of the President
as a loan to the Smithsonian Institution for its care, study,
and storage or exhibition and such articles, fixtures, and objects
shall be returned to the White House from the Smithsonian Institution
on notice by the President.
"
SEC. 3. Nothing in this Act shall alter any privileges,
powers, or duties vested in the White House Police and the United
States Secret Service, Treasury Department, by section 202 of
title 3, United States Code, and section 3056 of title l 8, United
States Code."
Pertinent Laws and Executive Orders
Related to the White House and President's Park
Constitution of the United States, 1789 - Provided
Congress with legislative control over a district not exceeding
10 miles square as the permanent seat of government. The property
was purchased for £25 (or $67) per acre. The purchase of
540 acres cost the new government approximately $36,000. All questions
of jurisdiction and authority in the District of Columbia rest
on this document.
Act of July 16, 1790 - Appointed three commissioners
to select a location for the seat of government of the United
States and ordered the commissioners to provide buildings for
Congress, the president, and other necessary public buildings.
Both the designations of the "Territory of Columbia"
and the "City of Washington" were authorized under this
act (l Stat. 130).
Executive Proclamation, January 24, 1791 - President
Washington made of record his choice for a townsite on both sides
of the Potomac River between Georgetown and the Anacostia River.
Act of March 3, 1791 - Amended the act of July 16,
1790, by adding property to the District of Columbia formerly
belonging to the state of Virginia ( l Stat. 2 l 4).
Executive Act of January 22, 1791- President Washington
appointed three commissioners for the District of Columbia to
be in charge of lot sales, public building construction, street
openings, square designation, and similar duties (2 Stat. 1 75).
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APPENDIXES
Commissioners to L'Enfant, September 9, 1791-Confirmed the
selection by the commissioners of the names "Territory of
Columbia," and for the city, the "City of Washington."
Act of May 1, 1802-Abolished the office of the commissioners
as of June l, 1802, and designated that a superintendent of public
buildings for the city of Washington be appointed by the president
(2 Stat. 175).
Act of May 3, 1802-Incorporated the District of Columbia
as a separate municipal entity with limited powers. Survey, sale
of lots, and related matters were retained by the federal government
(2 Stat. 195).
Act of March 3, 1803-Named the office of the superintendent
of the city of Washington (2 Stat. 235).
Act of February 24, 1804-Altered the incorporation of the
city of Washington and delineated the power of the city council
(2 Stat. 254).
Act of January 12, 1809-Established municipal regulations
and limits regarding the sales of lots, subdivisions, and surveys
for Washington and the recording of such sales (2 Stat. 511).
Act of February 13, 1815-President Madison approved an
act of Congress to borrow up to $500,000 to rebuild "the
President's House, Capitol and public offices" (3 Stat. 205).
Act of April 29, 1816-Ended the position of superintendent
of public buildings as of March 3, 1817, and created the position
of commissioner of public buildings. Supervisory and appellate
powers rested with the president (3 Stat. 324, 325).
Act of May 17, 1848-Altered the charter of the city of
Washington and provided for a municipal surveyor (9 Stat. 228).
Act of March 3, 1849, Section 9-Gave to the secretary of
the interior the supervisory and appellate powers of the president
over the commissioner of public buildings (9 Stat 395, 396).
Act of March 2, 1853-Prohibited the purchase or planting
of Ailanthus trees on the public grounds (l0 Stat. 207).
Act of June 30, 1864-Authorized the secretary of the interior
to prevent the improper appropriation or occupation of any of
the public streets, avenues, squares, or reservations in the city
of Washington belonging to the United States and to reclaim the
same (13 Stat. 412~.
Act of March 2, 1867-Removed jurisdiction from the Department
of the Interior and ended the position of commissioner of public
buildings, with duties reassigned to the War Department, Office
of the Chief Engineer, United States Army. Created the Capitol
Police, from which Park Watchmen and United States Park Police
later evolved (14 Stat. 466).
Act of March 29, 1867-Provided that "the several sums
of money heretofore appropriated, to be expended under the direction
of the commissioners of public buildings, be transferred to and
expended under the direction of the Chief Engineer of the Army
or such officer of the Engineer Corps as he may direct" (15
Stat.9).
Office of the Chief Engineer, U.S. Army, 1867-Assigned
an engineer officer in charge of public buildings and grounds.
Position would remain in charge of President's Park for the next
58 years (War Department, Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers,
1867, Washington, D.C.).
Joint Resolution of Congress, December 14, 1869-Appointed
a commission to select a site for a new building for the Department
of State (16 Stat. 367).
Act of February 21, 1871 - Changed the government of the
District of Columbia to that of a governor, a legislative assembly,
and a board of public works (16 Stat. 419).
Act of March 3, 1871-Congress authorized funding for a
new building for the State, War, and Navy Departments on the site
of the old Navy and War Buildings at President's Park (16 Stat.
494).
Act of March 3, 1973-Authorized all government buildings
to be connected by telegraph, with a
-338-
Appendix A: Legislation Pertaining to the
White House and President's Park
special provision that the "immediate connection with
the public buildings be placed underground or in such a manner
as not to injure the appearance of the Capitol or other public
buildings" (17 Stat. 519). Gave the rank of colonel to the
officer in charge of public buildings and grounds (17 Stat. 535).
Act of February 4, 1874-Placed telegraph lines under the
control of the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds,
T J.S. Army Corps of Engineers (18 Stat. 14).
Act of June 29, 1874-Changed the government of the District
of Columbia to three commissioners, one of them being an engineer
officer of the U.S. Army (18 Stat. 116).
Act of March 3, 1875-Transferred responsibility for the
construction of the State, War, and Navy Building from the supervising
architect of the Treasury to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (18
Stat. 391).
Act of June 11,1878-Changed some aspects of government
of the District of Columbia but retained the governing authority
of three commissioners (20 Stat. 102).
Act of June 20, 1878-Made the statement that only trees,
shrubs, and plant materials suitable for planting on public properly
should be grown at the federal greenhouses (20 Stat. 220).
Act of March 3, 1882-Gave to watchmen in the public squares
and spaces of the District of Columbia the same power and duties
as the Metropolitan Police of the district (22 Stat. 243).
Act of March 3,1883-Authorized the president to designate
a superintendent of the State, War, and Navy Building from the
Army or Navy Engineer Corps (22 Stat. 553).
Act of March 2, 1895-Authorized the use of portions of
the Ellipse as a children's playground at the discretion of the
officer in charge of public buildings and grounds (28 Stat. 943).
Act of July 1, 1898-Vested in the commissioners of the
District of Columbia the jurisdiction and control of public parks
and street parking; placed the district's park system under the
supervision of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (30 Stat. 570).
Act of April 17,1900-Required a yearly inventory of all
White House furnishings and public property (3 I Stat. 97).
Sundry Civil Act, June 6, 1900-Approved $6,000 for plans
to expand the presidential residence. Plans to be prepared in
the office of the commissioner of public buildings and grounds,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (31 Stat. 622).
Act of April 28, 1902-Placed the chief of engineers in
charge of all public buildings and grounds in the District of
Columbia under regulations prescribed by the president, through
the War Department, except for those buildings otherwise provided
for by law (32 Stat. 152).
Act of June 28, 1902-Authorized the remodeling of the White
House and the construction of executive offices for the president
(32 Stat. 460). A report of this work is contained in Senate document
197, 57th Congress, 2nd session.
Act of March 3,1903-Authorized the officer in charge of
public buildings and grounds to permit the temporary use of the
Washington Monument grounds and the grounds south of the White
House as playgrounds under regulations to be prescribed by him
(32 Stat. 1122).
Order of the Secretary of War, November 20, 1903-Made formal
arrangements for band concerts in federal parks in Washington,
including President's Park (Em. 49225).
Act of May 27, 1908-Authorized temporary structures on
public playgrounds under such regulations as might be imposed
by the officer in charge of public buildings (35 Stat. 355).
Act of March 4, 1909-Extended the rules and regulations
provided under section 6 of the act of July 1, 1898, to cover
the sidewalks around the public grounds and the carriageways of
such streets as lie between and separate such public grounds;
provided additional monies for the Executive Office Building (35
Stat. 994).
Appendix A: Legislation Pertaining to the White House and
President's Park
Act of August 5, 1909-Authorized an addition to the Executive
Office in the amount of $ 13,500; funds were used to create what
is now known as the "Oval Office" (36 Stat. 119)
Act of May 17, 1910-Established the Commission of Fine
Arts, to consist of seven members appointed by the president to
advise upon the locations of statues, fountains, and monuments
in public squares, streets, and parks in the District of Columbia
and upon the selection of models for the same |36 Stat. 371).
Act of June 25, 1910-Specified that the officer in charge
of public buildings and grounds would be the secretary and executive
officer of the Fine Arts Commission; required an annual inventory
of White House materials with bonded personnel at $10,000; required
that copies be provided to the chief steward with records held
by the Office of Public Buildings and Grounds (36 Stat. 728, 773,
774).
Act of August 24, 1912-Prohibited the erection of any building
or structure on any reservation, park, or public space of the
United States within the District of Columbia without the authority
of Congress (37 Stat. 444).
Act of October 22, 1913-Authorized a memorial to the women
of the Civil War. The president laid the cornerstone on March
27, 1915. The authorizing legislation specified that the building
was to be used as the permanent home for the American Red Cross
(38 Stat. 223).
Act of August 1, 1914-Assigned to the Office of Public
Buildings and Grounds, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1,189.12
acres of parks and 777,750 square feet of canal spaces (for maintenance);
authorized the use of the parks for outdoor sports (38 Stat. 633-4).
War Department Special Order, February 2, 1915-Detailed
the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds to act also
as superintendent of the State, War, and Navy Building as of March
1, 1915; duties to include the Navy Building, a rented property
on New York Avenue near 18th Street (War Department special order
27, paragraph 17)
Act of August 26, 1916-Created the National Park Service;
gave supervisory, management, and governing authority to the secretary
of the interior and the director of the Park Service (39 Stat.
535).
Act of December 5, 1919 -Changed the name of the Park Watchmen
to the United States Park Police (41 Stat 33).
Act of June 4, 1920-Removed the automatic rank of colonel
for the officer in charge off public buildings and grounds (41
Stat.~159~813).
Act-of June 5, 1920-Provided the basis for the National
Park Service to formally accept and acknowledge gifts on behalf
of the White House (41 Stat. 917).
Act of September 14, 1922-Created the White House Police
force (42 Stat. 841).
Act of February 26, 1924-Pertained to furnishing the White
House (43 Stat. 983).
Act of May 27, 1924-Placed Park Police under the control
of the officer in charge of public buildings and grounds, as designated
by the chief of engineers, U.S. Army, with appropriate officer
ranks and equipment corresponding to the Metropolitan Police Force
of the District of Columbia; gave the officer in charge authority
to appoint special police independent of either Metropolitan Police
or Park Police (43 Stat. 175).
Act of June 6, 1924-Created the National Capital Park Commission
(43 Stat. 463).
Act of February 26, 1925-Created the independent Office
of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital;
gave to this office the authority formerly assigned to the chief
of engineers regarding President's Park; director reported to
the president (43 Stat. 983, 984).
Act of February 28, 1925- Established a committee to advise
on donations to the White House of furniture and other items (43
Stat. 1091).
Act of April 30, 1926-Changed the name of the National
Capital Park Commission to the National Capital Park and Planning
Commission; expanded its duties, including the creation of a comprehensive
plan for the national capital (44 Stat. 374).
-340-
Appendix A: Legislation Pertaining to the
White House and President's Park
Act of December 22, 1928-Authorized the National
Capital Park and Planning Commission to acquire fee title to lands
subject to limited rights, also authorized the director of public
buildings and public parks of the national capital to acquire
leases for park purposes, subject to the approval of the National
Capital Park and Planning Commission (45 Stat. 1070).
Act of May 14, 1930-Transferred White House police
duties from the Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks to
the U.S. Secret Service (46 Stat. 328).
Act of May 16, 1930-Extended the duties of the Fine
Arts Commission through legislation entitled "An Act to Regulate
the Height, Exterior Design and Construction of Public and Semi
Public Buildings in Certain Areas of the National Capital."
The act instructs the Fine Arts Commission to work with the National
Capital Park and Planning Commission in making such recommendations
(46 Stat. 366).
Act of May 20, 1932-Allowed the transfer of jurisdiction
over properties among the federal and district authorities administering
property in the District of Columbia, with the approval of the
National Capital Park and Planning Commission, as mutually agreed
upon. All such transfers must be reported to Congress. Did not
repeal existing laws, which remained in full force (47 Stat. 161,
162).
Act of March 3, 1933-Section 16 reorganized the
administration of park property in the District of Columbia and
elsewhere (47 Stat. 1517).
Executive Order 6166, June 10, 1933-Returned the
jurisdiction of national capital parks, including President's
Park, to the Department of the Interior, specifically, the National
Park Service, as provided for in the act of March 3, 1933.
Act of March 2, 1934-Changed the name of the Office
of National Parks, Buildings, and Reservations to National Park
Service; established as a separate branch under the National Park
Service a portion of the old Office of Public Buildings and Public
Parks, which had formerly operated the park system of the national
capital and environs (48 Stat. 389).
Act of June 20, 1938-Established a zoning law for
the District of Columbia; provisions did not apply to federal
buildings; specified that location, height, bulk, number of stories,
and size of federal buildings should be approved by the National
Capital Park and Planning Commission (52 Stat. 797).
Act of April 3, 1939-Transferred the administration
of public buildings to the Public Buildings Administration of
the Federal Works Agency; left the administration of the park
system of the District of Columbia under NPS jurisdiction (53
Stat. 1426-7).
Plan 1 on Government Reorganization, April 25, 1939-Issued
by President Franklin Roosevelt, pursuant to the act of Congress
approved April 3, 1939 (House document 262, 76th Cong.).
Act of July 31, 1939-Extended the jurisdiction of
the act of May 16, 1930, to include the environs abutting Lafayette
Park (53 Stat. 1144).
Act of June 9, 1947-Amended the act of September
14, 1922 (42 Stat. 841), to give status, pay, and grade to the
White House Police commensurate with the Metropolitan Police force;
provided that the number of White House Police not exceed 110
and that members be appointed from the Metropolitan Police force
(61 Stat. 132).
Act of June 25, 1948-Reenacted the legislation from
February 28, 1925, regarding a committee to advise on donations
to the White House of furniture and other items; updated regulations
for the annual White House inventory (62 Stat. 672, 679).
Act of September 22, 1961-Provided for the care
and preservation of historic and artistic contents of the White
House, and their interpretation; specifically mentioned the NPS
Organic Act of 1916 and the 18.07 acres inside the fence. Specified
that nothing in the act is to interfere with the property's status
as the home and office of the president (75 Stat. 586).
Executive Order 11145, March 7, 1964-Provided for
a White House curator and established the Committee for the Preservation
of the White House.
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Comprehensive Design Plan Continued